How to treat allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is mainly caused by an atopic individual coming into contact with some allergens, which results in some allergic phenomena, mainly swelling of the nasal mucosa. At the same time, allergic rhinitis in daily life is also a relatively common symptom of rhinitis, which is mainly an allergic reaction to some allergens, dust and viruses. Many people are concerned about how to actively treat allergic rhinitis, which mainly involves avoiding contact with allergens and keeping the living environment clean.

At the same time, you can continue to take medications, mainly using some medications for treatment according to the doctor's requirements. At the same time, you must also carry out prevention and treatment in your daily life. Try to eat less spicy and irritating foods, and avoid eating raw and cold foods. In daily life, you can do some laboratory tests.

(1) Antihistamines: They mainly exert their anti-H1 receptor effects by competing with histamine for histamine receptors on effector cell membranes. Traditional antihistamines, such as chlorpheniramine (chlorpheniramine), should be used with caution or not at all in people who operate precision machinery, drivers and passengers, or those working at heights due to their central nervous system inhibitory effects. The new antihistamines, non-sedative H1 receptor antagonists such as cetirizine (10 mg each time, once a day) and loratadine (also known as Claritin, Claritin, 10 mg each time, once a day), which have been widely used in clinical practice in recent years, not only overcome the central inhibitory effects of traditional antihistamines, but also significantly enhance the anti-H1 receptor effect. However, they also have some serious complications such as heart dysfunction.

(2) Mast cell stabilizer: Sodium cromoglycate can block the activation of phosphoesterase A on the surface of mast cells and prevent mast cell degranulation. Spray 10 mg into the nose 4 times a day, or use 2% sodium cromoglycate aqueous solution as nose drops. The main disadvantages are that it takes a long time to take effect, requires medication 1 to 2 weeks in advance, and has a short duration.

(3) Decongestants: They can be administered by nasal drops or orally, such as 1% ephedrine nasal drops, Erconan (generic name: phenylephrine brompheniramine capsules, each capsule contains 4 mg of brompheniramine maleate and 10 mg of epinephrine hydrochloride), etc., which can effectively relieve nasal congestion. However, if used improperly, they can cause drug-induced rhinitis, central nervous system excitement, and increased blood pressure.

(4) Corticosteroids: They have anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects and can significantly reduce various inflammatory reactions and relieve nasal allergies, including nasal congestion symptoms. Intramuscular and intranasal glucocorticoid injections have many side effects, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, growth inhibition, etc. There are even reports of side effects such as blindness following intranasal glucocorticoid injection. Therefore, it is not recommended for clinical use. Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective drugs for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, with efficacy exceeding that of antihistamines, decongestants and sodium cromolyn, and are increasingly becoming the first-line treatment. It is not only effective in treating perennial allergic rhinitis and seasonal allergic rhinitis, but has also been shown to prevent recurrence after nasal polypectomy. Existing intranasal corticosteroid preparations include beclomethasone dipropionate, budesonide, fluticasone propionate, etc. After using this type of preparation for 1 to 2 weeks at the recommended dosage, the patient's condition is evaluated and the dosage is adjusted based on the efficacy. The principle of medication is to use the minimum dose to achieve the best therapeutic effect. Local irritation is the most common adverse reaction. About 10% of patients experience various nasal irritations after taking the medicine, such as nasal burning sensation or sneezing after taking the medicine, 2% have bloody nasal discharge, and a few report nasal septum perforation and delayed allergic reactions. However, there is no risk of mucosal morphological changes with long-term use of the medicine. Systemic side effects are not a serious problem, but long-term (many years) use of corticosteroids and excessive doses still put patients at risk of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression.

The above is how to treat allergic rhinitis. You can continue to take medications, mainly using some medications according to the doctor's requirements. At the same time, you must also carry out prevention and treatment in your daily life. Try to eat less spicy and irritating foods. Be sure to pay attention to the taboos and some other types of examinations. Remember to carry out treatment and diagnosis.