Causes of nodular gastritis

Nodular gastritis is a superficial gastritis. Young and middle-aged people are the main group of patients, and it is more common in women. Patients often experience stomach pain, and lymph follicles can be found through pathological examination. Nodular gastritis is mostly caused by combined Helicobacter pylori infection. Therefore, during the treatment process, Helicobacter pylori must be eradicated in time to avoid greater impact on the patient's health.

Causes of nodular gastritis

1. Bacteria, viruses and toxins

It is more common after acute gastritis, when gastric mucosal lesions do not heal for a long time or recur repeatedly, gradually evolving into superficial gastritis. Chronic infection lesions in the nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, etc., such as alveolar abscesses, tonsillitis, sinusitis, etc., and long-term ingestion of bacteria or their toxins can repeatedly irritate the gastric mucosa and cause superficial gastritis. It has been found that 90% of patients with chronic tonsillitis have chronic inflammatory changes in the stomach.

2. Smoking

The main harmful ingredient in tobacco is nicotine. Long-term and heavy smoking can cause relaxation of the pyloric sphincter, reflux of duodenal fluid, contraction of gastric blood vessels, and increased gastric acid secretion, thereby destroying the gastric mucosal barrier and leading to chronic inflammatory lesions.

3. Medication

Certain drugs such as salicylic acid preparations, corticosteroids, digitalis, indomethacin, and phenylbutazone can cause chronic gastric mucosal damage.

4. Spicy food

Long-term consumption of strong liquor, strong tea, coffee, spicy and rough food, as well as irregular eating habits such as being too hungry or too full can damage the protective barrier of the gastric mucosa and cause gastritis.

5. Circulatory and metabolic dysfunction

In case of congestive heart failure or portal hypertension, the stomach is in a state of congestion and hypoxia for a long time, which leads to weakened gastric mucosal barrier function, reduced gastric acid secretion, and massive bacterial reproduction, which can easily cause inflammatory damage to the gastric mucosa. In chronic renal failure, the excretion of urea from the gastrointestinal tract increases, and through the action of bacteria or intestinal hydrolases, ammonium carbonate and ammonia are produced, which irritate and damage the gastric mucosa, causing congestion, edema, and even erosion of the gastric mucosa.

6. Bile or duodenal fluid reflux

Bile reflux discovered or confirmed by gastroscopy is an important cause of superficial gastritis. Due to pyloric sphincter dysfunction or gastric surgery, duodenal fluid or bile can reflux into the stomach and destroy the gastric mucosal barrier, prompting H+ and pepsin to diffuse back into the mucosa, causing a series of pathological reactions and leading to superficial gastritis.

7. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection

In 1986, the 8th meeting of the World Society of Gastroenterology proposed that Hp infection is one of the important causes of superficial gastritis. The pathogenic mechanism of Hp may be mainly through destroying the gastric mucosal barrier, causing H+ to diffuse in the opposite direction, and ultimately causing inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

8. Psychological factors

Due to unhealthy mental hygiene and long-term state of mental tension, anxiety or depression, it can cause imbalance in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous functions throughout the body. It leads to gastric mucosal vasomotor dysfunction, resulting in reduced gastric mucosal blood flow, destroying the gastric mucosal barrier function and forming a chronic inflammatory response of the gastric mucosa.